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SUPERNOVA-LIKE energy concentration in discharge

Earthground

is an inseparable part of each lightning conductor, also electricity poles. Used to conduction of the discharge current into the ground as quickly as possible, to minimize the damage. The better the earthing and lower conductor resistance, the less voltage created on it during passing the discharge current and radiated less thermal energy, which does not damage the immediate surroundings to such an extent, as would be in the case of higher resistance. The issue of grounding is technically quite detailed in Electrotechnical Standards EN62305. It is absolutely certain that every (working) power line pole is designed in accordance with them and in specified intervals inspected.

Lightning rods are proposed and designed for maximum peak currents 200 000 amperes. Such lightning discharges have already found a really rare, but exist. Totally will take place annually in the atmosphere for approximately three billion of lightning discharges, current curve peak value of 30 000 ampere is the average value of most of them. But most does not mean all.

In addition, in the fields of crop there are many "non-standardized" lightning conductors - one hand of artificial character, made by people, although in no case for grounding: water supply, distribution of irrigation. Different utility lines, that neither interfere up to the surface, they are stored completely underground. The character of soil disturbance by the earthwork, excavation, laying of utilities, protective layers and re-filling. Shielding, grounding and protective layers, or accompanying humidity in the case of underground drains may contribute to increase the conductivity of soil and ground surface directly above them by several orders of magnitude.

Additional notable lightning conductors are piles of manure. They contain significant amounts of soluble electrolytes (urea, nitrates, nitrites, degradation products of plant material). There are many orders of magnitude more conductive, than normally in the soil present subsurface water. In addition, therein occur by chemical and related processes taking place significant heating and evaporation against surrounding, so that the air is saturated with ions and significantly more conductive up to many tens of meters.  Electrostatic processes during Preliminary Breakdown may cause a very significant power conducting over them, thereby further increasing the amount of conductive ions due to electric field ionisation, and can result in preferential conduction of the Stepped Leder (SL) to such places, as well as much easier from such places raises Positive Streamer (PS), that after connection with SL (Attachment Process) ultimately creates a conductive path finally connected between cloud and ground and conduction of thr first Return Stroke to the ground, which can be followed after an interval by several more of subsequent strokes.

Another grounding, made by people, that is possible to find in the place, but completely unwittingly, are parts of the aircrafts collapsed (mostly WW2), located at a depth under subsoil ploughing, as there may be located also a variety of archaeological remains (Iron Age, Bronze Age, including furnace slag), or fallen and forgotten parts of agricultural equipment or whatever industrial activity. In some cases, such components become an integral part of regular or irregular patterns, to be specified here and here. Causes namely in the soil just above them, a local increasing of conductivity by several orders of magnitude, and in such a case plants above them are not only weakened by the electricity, but totally damaged and completely dead (during minutes, maximum hours after the discharge). Generate over the objects underground theit faithful imprints (stamps) in the crop overground. In such a case well and truly no choice, than explorers recommend - dig here, Eugene. If they were not dug out of underground until now, they are located there up to this daystill. (photo, GPS)

It is something similar, but not identical like cropmarks, see archeology. The process in this case shorten thanks to electricity from weeks or months to hours or days and is much more intensive and better observable. Also there becomes generation of secondary cropmarks, due to electricity, too. Some of them would not become visible without electricity ever. Secondary cropmarks in most cases just follow the shapes of the tramlines and they are more intensive, where the currents brought by them are cumulated. In other places they may represent mainly the position of the lightning contact(s) to the ground and near neighborhood. Finally, in some cases they may follow various underground archeological (also geological or industrial) structures, which would otherwise without the contribution of electricity show either a significantly lower intensity, only minimal or not at all. More details will be presented at the page archeology and its part secondary cropmarks

Similar imprints - stamps often arise just above the underground lines, mostly drains, sewers, water pipes, but it may be of any utility lines. They may then become an integral part of regular pattern, if they are created. They may become only a part of irregularly flattened (damaged, weakened) crop, and thus remain completely unnoticed. Also possible, that besides them (lines of lodged (damaged, weakened) or dead corn) is not created nothing else, and once again remain completely ignored. In such a case they are only considered to be a new tramline, although at all do not follow their direction. They can be mistaken for paths through the crop field, kept as a traditional especially in Britain using grass-cutters. In a similar way caused paths - lines of lodged (damaged, weakened) or completely dead crop - will be described completely independently on the page lines in the crop (a subpage of the anomalies)

Plants in such a place turn yellow and brown far sooner than the surrounding, only damaged, not dead vegetation, and after some time completely disappear (because they have disintegrated). They act for example like the original green vegetation after potatoes ploughed out. Previously green, to the height towering, strong and healthy plants becomes during the same day, tawny, withered, slightly flexible, soft and formless mass, and after a few days nobody would recognize, that in the field has ever potatoes grown. (photo drying experiment)

Else is possible to mention the earthings and lightning rods of natural character - trees, shrubs, pools of water, springs, geological faults. By the way, all dowsers, who in every movie or document about crop circles are as busy as little bee and the dowsing rods in their hands are spinning like weathercocks. They were never able in their simple-minded brains, nor any of bystanders or crew, were unable to realize the most important thing: What are their senses responding to, are only springs and geological faults, or any other underground artifacts, which significantly contributed to attract lightning discharges. In the same extent may contribute on their perception and rods movement many consequential effects, caused by lightning hit in that place.  Magnetism, remains of static electricity, dangerous chemicals created by electrolysis and pyrolysis. Last but not least, the movement of rods are caused also by subjective, unconscious visual perception - the presence of incomprehensible regular patterns. In any similar document was never demonstrated a blindfolded dowser. On the site where crop circles are present, would be probably a trained monkey succesfully dowsing, if not blindfolded.

The last possible type of grounding (actually also lightning rod), that may be mentioned, are tramlines. They can be considered halfway between artificial and natural. They collect and keep water and humidity for much longer period, than their immediate surrounding, thus they are much better current conductor. Thousands of photos. As mentioned on many other pages of this website, also may be very significantly contributed to the conducting electricity throughout the field to  locations, where lightning discharges did not impact at all.  Tramlines is a page, where is paid a special attention to them.

If interested, contact cropcirclesonline@gmail.com

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