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lightning discharge
 Discharge Localisation
The simplest proof of connection with regular patterns is localization of the lightning discharges
crop circles
www.bourky.com - storms, lightnings, clouds RSS feed

Crop circles

Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have Certainty without any proof. C.E.Montague
Facts are the air of scientists. Without them you can never fly. Linus Pauling
The trouble ain't that there is too many fools, but that the lightning ain't distributed right. M.Twain

Crop Circles, Crop figures, Discharge Localisation

PagPh

 

If interested, contact cropcirclesonline@gmail.com

 

 

Lightning Discharge Localisation

There is no need to write long texts about lightning localisation. The most important information is that the lightning localisation is available and possible. Measured electrically, as a radio signals, and using trigonometric evaluation. Possible accuracy is in meters. Many other informations available. Intensity - in kiloAmperes, for instance 6, but maybe less, but also maybe many more - sometimes much more than 250 000. Polarity, type (CG, CC). If multiplied, than the number and intensity of subsequent discharges.

 

Realtime EUCLID lightning data map

 

http://www.euclid.org/links.html

 

Technology

At the moment the complete network consists of about 140 sensors, contributing to the detection of lightning.

All the lightning data is detected by means of electromagnetic sensors, which send raw data to a central analyzer. The technology involved is provided by Vaisala (Tucson, AZ). Each sensor detects the electromagnetic signal emitted by the lightning return stroke.

This technology uses GPS Satellite signals for time information.

For each lightning stroke the main parameters are recorded, namely the time of event, the impact point (Latitude and longitude), the Current intensity and polarity, and the number of subsequent strokes.

The data of all the sensors througout the network are concentrated in real-time in two Euclid central operational centers. They are computed there immediately to calculate the lightning locations and optimise the data quality. The resulting data are sent in the course of processing to the Euclid service operational center. This leads to a complete picture of lightning activity in real time. All lightning data collected is archived as well for post-storm analysis.

 

Useful links

LIGHTNING DETECTION
ALDIS - the Austrian Lightning Detection &Network
METEORAGE - Software provider for lightning data handling and manager of the French lightning detection network
METEOFRANCE - French Meteorological National Agency - owner of the French lightning detection network
BLIDS - "der BLitz Informations Dienst von Siemens", German lightning detection network, owned by Siemens
SCALAR - Slovenian lightning detection network
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia - Spanish National Meteorological Institute, owner of the Spanish lightning detection network
SINTEF - Norvegian national meteorological institute - owner of the Norvegian lightnnig detection network
The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) - owner of the Finland lightnnig detection network
CESI SIRF - he Italian Lightning Detection &Network
INFORMATION ON LIGHTNINGS AND THUNDERSTORMS
tigger.uic.edu Lightning Injury Research Program
www.lightningsafety.com National Lightning Safety Institute
www.usatoday.com USAtoday, Newspaper site with a lot of information and links on lightnings
bat.nmt.edu Langmuir Laboratory, US research laboratory on extreme weather and lightnings
wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov Global Hydrology and climate Center, an institution of NASA
www.spc.noaa.gov Storm Prediction Center, an institution of NOAA
www.nssl.noaa.gov National Severe Storm Laboratory, an institution of NOAA
METEOROLOGICAL CENTERS
www.magmacom.com Magmacom, links to meteorological sites of all the world
www.noaa.gov NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospherics Administration - USA
www.met-office.gov.uk British Met Office
www.meteo.fr MeteoFrance
www.dwd.de Deutsche Wetterdienst
www.meteoswiss.ch MeteoSwiss
INTERNATIONAL GROUPS ON LIGHTNINGS
www.cenelec.org CENELEC European Commitee for Electrotechnical Standardization
www.cigre.org CIGRE Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Életriques
www.ieee.org IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

 

 

Learning

What is lightning?

Lightning is the transfer of significant charge between two charged objects. Lightning discharges can occur cloud-to-cloud (C-C), cloud-to-air (C-A), and cloud-to-ground (C-G). Buienradar.nl provides online data on cloud-to-ground lightning. Cloud-to-ground lightning has the greatest impact on our everyday lives. A lightning strike can kill, destroy equipment, start fires, and be responsible for as much as 70% of typical power outages.

 

Stroke

A lightning event proceeds in several stages the first of which called is "Leaders" which you cannot see. These leaders produce a conductive path to ground that is then used for a large discharge of electrical energy. This discharge is called a "stroke". It is the blinding white flash you see followed by the crash of thunder due to the supersonic expansion of the air as it is heated. The first stroke is often followed by another leader / stroke sequence after a few hundredths of a second. Up to 20 or more sequences of a leader / stroke can occur, and this is why lightning appears to flicker.

 

Flash

All of the strokes that occur within one second and within 10 kilometers of the first stroke are grouped together and called a "Flash". This helps group potentially related electrical events into one single event for viewing.

 

Real-time

Real-time means the processing of information as it arrives at a central point. A process that does not proceed in "real-time" would perhaps store information before operating on it. In lightning detection systems, the lightning data is communicated from a sensor to a central processing point.

 

Projection

The earth is roughly a sphere. To view the spherical earth on the flat screen of a monitor requires a bit of fancy math called a projection.

 

Time-Zone

The www.buienradar.nl web site supports all of the major time-zones across Europe. Lightning Observer, Lightning Explorer and Lightning Advisor all utilize the Time Zone variable that you can enter during the subscription process. For a good discussion on time-zones click here.

 

Acronyms

EUCLID - European Cooperation for Lightning Detection

BLDN - Benelux Lightning Detection Network

CELDN - Central European Lightning Detection Network

 

Basic parameters of "normal, classic", average lightning (negative, cloud to ground).

Stepped leader
Step length Step length 50 m
Time interval between steps 20 - 50 μs
Step current >1 kA
Step charge >1 mC
Average propagation speed 200 klm / s
Overall duration 35 ms
Average current 100 - 200 A
Total charge 5 C
Electric potential ~ 50 MV
Channel temperature ~ 10.000 K
First Return Stroke based on measurements at the lightning channel base.
Peak current 30 kA
Maximum current rate of rise >10 - 20kA / μs
Current risetime (10 - 90 %) 5 μs
Current duration to half-peak value 70 - 80 μs
Charge transfer 5 C
Propagation speed 100 - 200.000 klm / s
Channel radius ~ 1 - 2 cm
Channel temperature ~ 30.000 K
Dart leader
Duration 1 - 2 ms
Charge 1 C
Current 1 kA
Electric potential ~ 15 MV
Speed 10 - 20.000 klm / s
Channel temperature ~ 20.000 K
Dart-stepped leader
Step length 10 m
Time interval between steps 5 - 10 μs
Average propagation speed 1 - 2.000 klm / s
Subsequent Return Stroke based on measurements at the lightning channel base.
Peak current 10 - 15 kA
Maximum current rate of rise 100kA / μs
10-90 percent current rate of rise 30-50 kA / μs
Current risetime (10-90 percent) 0.3 - 0.6 μs
Current duration to half-peak value 30 - 40 μs
Charge transfer 1 C
Propagation speed 100 - 200.000 klm / s
Channel radius ~ 1 - 2 cm
Channcl temperature ~ 30.000 K
Continuing current (longer ~ 40 ms) About 30 to 50% of lightnings contain currents durations longer than ~ 40 ms.
Magnitude 100 - 200 A
Duration ~ 100 ms
Charge transfer 10 - 20 C
M-component based on measurements at the lightning channel base.
Peak current 100 - 200 A
Current risetime (10-90 percent) 300 - 500 μs
Charge transfer 0.1 - 0.2 C
Overall flash
Duration 200-300 ms
Number of strokes per flash 3-5 (About 15 to 20 percent of lightning flashes are composed of a single stroke).
Interstroke interval 60 ms
Charge transfer 20 C
Energy 109 - 1010 J

 

Wheat field - a record of the lightning magnetic field lines

Shocking, perplexing, surprising, difficult to believe, but also eye-opening similarity

Wheat field - record of magnetic field lines generated by the lightning discharge

Nearly one million Amperes (known school experiments - maximum 20 - 30 Amperes)

 

  

Exactly at the moment of the lightning discharge flow through corn stalks induced and conducted (ionized air, corona discharge) electric currents. Thanks to that stalks and other plant parts may exhibit electromagnetic properties. They may thus act like magnetized compass needles, and electromagnetic forces are momentarily deflecting them to the ground in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, depending on the relative ratio, direction and phase difference of the passaging electric currents. Temporary mechanical changes and tensions may also create some meanwhile invisible mechanical damage, oriented in direction. Such microscopic directionally oriented damages are able by gradual growing of damaged tissues later cause gradual directionally oriented bending of all stalks in one direction (CW or CCW). Magnetic fields of an average lightning discharges are at least ten thousand times stronger than that of Earth's magnetic field. Another part of the work may be performed by enormous electrostatic forces thanks to that leaves and stalks of plants behave like leaves and stalks of electroscopes. Diameters of the circles approximately represent the range of the lightning discharge electromagnetic forces. In addition to all that, however, the crop pattern occurs at least several days, sometimes up to several weeks after the lightning hit. It is because the affected plant tissues weaken very slowly, due to huge inertia and consequently very slowly ongoing changes in plants (EPP, Chronology). Because sometimes on the locality may take place very complex interferences and resonances, it may sometimes create a very intricate pattern. A single lightning discharge radiates energy to which the electric locomotive would travel thousands kilometers. Average (!) Discharge. (simplified explanation)

 

It was one of the greatest Natural joke - mystification, clever trick, by that was the Mother Nature kidding the whole perplexed mankind hundreds, thousands years.

 

With mentioned ideas is possible not agree, also possible protest against them, but it maybe really all that is possible to do with it or against it. So called Jerry Cimrman's postulate.

 

some brief information pages:

Crop Circles, another international Crop Circles - Kornkreise

 

If interested, contact cropcirclesonline@gmail.com

 

Some partial information now may be found for example on certain summary pages.  Crop Circles - understanding is now mainly one of the most extensive page. Another fairly comprehensive informations may be found on the links from the page Texts. There are links to some published texts. Also some unpublished yet, ie some preview version. Other unsorted tests are placed here. The texts will be of course added continuously.

 

Some pages or their parts have also been preliminarily committed to publish somewhere else, so the first will appear there, then shortly they will be linked from the page Texts, and after some time will finally appear on the page for which it was intended.

 

Also, to almost all pages are prepared a series of accompanying photos or illustrative graphics, whether own creation, or "collected works" from the Internet. Such points, for placement of although existing, but still unplaced photos, are in the text very strongly colored thus marked. These are primarily designations for author of the text himself, do finally care to step to place them there. It is a gradual publication of research results. That research lasted for several years, so it will take some time yet. Frequently also happened, that in the course of writing some page was sometimes placed in its paragraphs a text, that should rather be included on another page, but so far has not been copied or moved there.

 

 

If interested, contact cropcirclesonline@gmail.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This page was prepared, and all the facts and theories presented here were very thoroughly, closely and in detail experimentally examined by

 

Jan Ledecky

 

It is no good to try to stop knowledge from going forward. Ignorance is never better than knowledge.  E.Fermi
An Englishman thinks he is moral when he is only uncomfortable. G.B.Shaw
They say marriages are made in Heaven. But so is thunder and lightning. Clint Eastwood
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