Electrical resistance - R. Capacitor - C. Coil - L.

Electromagnetic Interferences, Resonant Circuits

Although the general public, after the initial, totally uncompromising and very aggressive rejection (as usual), later will very eagerly, totally uncompromising and very aggressive support (as usual) the possibility of creating resonance and interference patterns in the crop through electrostatic and electromagnetic resonance and interference during lightning discharges, htere would be a need of somewhat restraining. Even if the amount of the energy transmitted by the lightning discharge is huge, absolutely unimaginable by any people's mind, mainly thanks to that its complete transfer occurs within a few millionths of a second, see menu Physics and submenu, also many other subpages of this web site. There may therefore take place enormous, unimaginable electrostatic - electromagnetic - electromechanical interferences. Yet an interim research, calculations and PC simulations suggests, that a very complex interference patterns may be quite sufficiently established only by mechanical interferences. Of course, effect of electromechanical and electromagnetic forces can not be excluded, vice versa. Is not excluded that sometimes involved, in combination with mechanical forces, or rather their very regular and symmetric spreading in all directions in the originating of the most complex structures, sometime fractal. A fractal is of course just a certain form of resonance and interference. Almost always inside the circle, very complex, multiply axes symmetrical interference or fractal or combinated patterns. Although it is not excluded either that, according to some models, all that very complex structures would have occurred in a purely mechanical way. Modellings are under construction, but there is a need of a bit more time and work (both human and computer) spolkne. For now, it is possible to compare the two figures, one of them looks like an unfinished version of the second, when the beam (beams) inside the temporary circle did not move sufficiently long to get the job finished. Nature itself has created a nice model like computer-made, and did not need even a minute of a human or a computer work, it was enough for all that to work an energy of lightning discharges for a few millionths of a second, and several days of growth and maturation processes work in addition, that were displaying all that (some like a Nature Infrared - Laser Printer).

 

One possible model of pattern creation uses a combination and interference of both mechanical waves and electromagnetic radiation. By means of that should be possible to explain even the most complex patterns, what sometimes occur - almost always within a circle, very complex and at the same time very accurately symmetrical and regular interference or fractal patterns and their combinations. The model combines the propagation of circular waves (especially shock and pressure waves) from the discharge impact site. Around the channel of the first Return Stroke is created cylinder of a rapidly expanding air, on the edge of which is a very significant phase boundary of two media - rapidly moving air within and standing air around the perimeter of the outside (picture and a few explanatory sentences, mainly that the speed is 10⁶x lower, but from the point of view of any subsequent stroke duration absolutely constant; its diameter is after 100 ms 30 m). Also possible find there very significant pressure difference and friction. Electromagnetic beams of some subsequent discharge(s) are moving and reflecting inside it, and by that model would be probably possible try to explain some properties of that very complicated shapes:

 

1) Why the very complex shapes are almost always placed in a circle

It is a combination of one of the simplest patterns, forming the border - a circle, and also a very complicated pattern inside it. The boundary circle was created by the first discharge, mainly by the mechanical forces. Pattern inside was created mainly by electromagnetic rays radiated by one or more subsequent discharge. Beams within a circle (cylinder) reflect mainly on the boundary wall formed by phase interface. When exceeding the limit angle may cause a total multiple reflections within a very precise circle, that is very slowly (in consideration of electromagnetic rays velocity approximately million times slower), but still noticeable speed and completely evenly extends to the surrounding. During the time at which the electromagnetic beams in an expanding circle traveled a lot of thousand meters, its diameter increases by only a few millimeters. The greatest amount of subsequent electromagnetic energy pulse (LEMP, RS), over 99%, is in many cases radiated during a time not higher than 10 millionths of a second. During that time light travels 30 km and the diameter of the circle inside that they are repeatedly reflecting is changed by 30 mm.

 

As an example of a phase interface, that is able to reflect waves, is possible to note the case of the night sounds. Therefore is possible during the night hear very distant sounds, such as trains. During the night, thanks to the absence of the sunshine and thanks to that caused rapid cooling of some layers in the atmosphere creates a very sharply defined interface of cold and warm air, od kterého se zvuk velmi výrazně odráží. Not only a temperature difference, but also with significant differences in pressure, humidity and dew point. Often also create at a certain altitude clouds, that operate very similarly. Sound intensity decreases in this case only as the square of the distance, while on a clear day its fading is subject to the cube. In described case act mechanical waves (sound), and it is a similar case, as the difference in the spreading of thunder after lightning below clouds during the normal storm and the lightning from the blue.

 

Very similar case, where act the reflections and propagation of electromagnetic waves, is the night shortwave radio propagation, where in this case the waves reflect many times between the ionosphere and the ground.

 

 

 2) Why are the patterns mirror symmetrical by multiple, sometime very much axes, including the very "unbalanced" numbers (also prime numbers, like 7, 13).

One of the major record holders of all time is probably the formation from 13th August 2000 in Woodborough, England, (the upper accompanying figure) which shows a very accurate mirror symmetry by 44 axis. Of course is not impossible that it will sometimes be outdone in the future, due to the infinity and endless possibilities of Mother Nature. If that unfinished "college" (bottom picture, 2001, Avebury Avenue, Wiltshire 14th August 2001), there would be probably 54 axis of symmetry. There is very interesting fact on the patterns that the bottom, like an unfinished copy of the top was discovered just a year and a day after the previous one. It is possible to note that the bottom figure has approximately 2 times larger diameter, that is 4 times larger area, so probably there was not left a sufficient energy amount of subsequent discharge to complete rendering of that pattern. Images may be increased by placing cursor over (only - click follow links to sources).

 

A note about primes: Poirino 2011 - very nice 7 (14) axes of symmetry (of the basic shape, there are some little asymmetries inside). Another picture - even 7, 11 and 13 in direction from center - looks more like a feeble human attempt of communication with (nonexisting) space and alien intelligence. Some individuals were at least finally persuaded, after several thousand years, that 7, 11 and 13 are primes.

 

3) Why are the patterns so complicated.

The answer is quite thoroughly contained already in paragraphs 1 and 2, but here will be worked out sometime in the future several other, less relevant reasons, and above everything documented by drawings and computer simulations.

 

 4) Excursion to the pattern near the wire fence - an explanation of the absence of the main boundary circle. Wire fence acting as conducting tissue and priming grid.

At the time when the plants after the first mechanical impulse formed the first temporary circle, was its electromagnetic radiation and therefore all electrical power already at an estimated distance of 30,000 kilometers from the discharge point, and therefore can not contribute to damage plants (by the electricity). Therefore it is far more likely caused by some subsequent discharge, which hits into the place exactly at the moment, when the circle is created by mechanical effects of preceding discharge. Plants are touching each other quite closely in many points and form many thousand times electrically conductive structure than in normal conditions. Precisely at the time when at the impact point of the discharge (the first RS) occurred its electromagnetic radiation and energy, plants were by its mechanical action not deflected from their basic position even a milimeter or just slightly, because all mechanical consequences will become even after the electric pulse. Although they arrive quite quickly, measuring units of the electric current changes are counted in fractions of a millionth of a second, while the time units measuring the intensity and changes in the mechanical action of the discharge consequences quite enough possible to measure out in thousandths or hundredths of seconds. Current rate of rise curves of the first RS (steepness, gamma, dI/dt) are an average 30 000 amperes in  microsecond, subsequent RS up to 200 000. The specific deviations in tilt direction of plants before the first hit RS may happen, plants and their leaves can be deviated from the standard position due to the static electricity. Potential difference of several billion volts, followed by repeated electrical impulses of several hundred thousand amperes, is after all just a bit different from the force, by that are deflected stalks and leaves of electroscopes in the school laboratory, where there become to a deflection of objects weighing fractions of milligrams in a distance of a few millimeters. On the location sometimes is prepared, and later there is really conducted between the heaven and ground such a huge current and power, that is able to drive an electric locomotive at a distance of tens thousands kilometers.

 

Graph showing the approximate time development of electric current during the lightning discharge, possible conduction and induction to the surroundings and subsequent mechanical effects - will be here sometime

 

...to be continued

 

Ending note

There is no need of very creative imagination to reach a conclusion, that the points  1, 2, 3, and 4 would be very difficult to happen a under a very severe wind and rain, that would any symmetrical events either made completely impossible, or at least thoroughly "disheveled". The lightning discharges are in large majority of cases accompanied by very strong wind and rain, and in such cases will become to "only" a fully  common, quite irregular lodging (damaging, weakening) and patterns.

 

 

 

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